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Notes on odds, house percentages and the arithmetic behind the games.

Basic Strategy Is a Table, Not a Hunch

Blackjack is unusual among casino games in that the player makes decisions that change the arithmetic. What is called basic strategy is simply the complete list of the best decision for every combination of player hand and dealer upcard, under a stated set of rules.

It was not intuition. It was computed, first by hand in the nineteen fifties by four mathematicians working with mechanical calculators, and later far more thoroughly by computer. The result is a grid, and the grid changes when the rules change: the number of decks, whether the dealer draws on a soft seventeen, whether doubling after splitting is allowed.

The point of the grid is not that it produces a winning game. Followed exactly, under favourable rules, it reduces the house percentage to a fraction of one per cent, which is a small number and is still a number on the house's side.

What it does illustrate is that a house percentage is a property of rules plus play. In every other game on this list the player has no dial to turn. Here there is one, and it is a lookup table.