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Notes on odds, house percentages and the arithmetic behind the games.

House Edge and Hold Are Not the Same Number

Two percentages get quoted about a casino game and they measure different things. House edge is the share of each wager the house expects to keep. Hold is the share of the money brought to the table that the house ends up with.

Hold is always the larger figure, and often by a great deal, because a player does not bring one stake and leave. The same chips are wagered again and again, and each pass through the game is exposed to the edge afresh. A game with a house percentage close to one per cent can still show a table hold many times that number, without anything unusual happening.

This is why comparing a published edge with a published hold and concluding that something is wrong is a category error. One is a property of the rules; the other is a property of the rules and how long people play under them.

The practical consequence runs the other way from intuition. Time at the table, not the size of any single wager, is what converts a small percentage into a visible amount.